How Do You Know If Your Dog Has Liver Problems? 8 Warning Signs You Shouldn’t Ignore

As a dog owner, nothing is scarier than seeing your furry friend feeling under the weather and not knowing why Your dog’s liver silently performs over 500 vital functions every day—from filtering toxins to producing essential proteins—and when something goes wrong, the signs can be subtle at first

I’ve been researching liver disease in dogs extensively, and I’ve discovered that catching these symptoms early can make all the difference between simple treatment and a life-threatening emergency. In this article, I’ll share the warning signs of liver problems that every dog parent should know

What Does the Liver Do for Your Dog?

Before diving into symptoms, let’s understand why the liver is so crucial. This remarkable organ:

• Plays a critical role in metabolism and digestion
• Detoxifies harmful substances in the bloodstream
• Synthesizes essential proteins for blood clotting
• Processes nutrients from food
• Helps with immune function

When this hardworking organ can’t keep up with these critical tasks, your dog’s entire body suffers. The liver has remarkable healing abilities when given proper support, but catching problems early is key.

8 Warning Signs Your Dog Might Have Liver Problems

1. Jaundice (Yellowing of Eyes, Gums, or Skin)

One of the most distinctive signs of liver disease is jaundice, which appears as a yellowing of your dog’s gums, the whites of their eyes, or even their skin (especially noticeable on the inside of the ears). This happens when the liver can’t properly process bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down.

Jaundice is a serious symptom that warrants immediate veterinary attention. If you notice this yellowing, don’t wait—contact your vet right away.

2. Changes in Appetite and Weight Loss

Has your normally food-motivated pup suddenly become picky or lost interest in eating altogether? Liver disease often causes decreased appetite, which, over time, can lead to significant weight loss.

My neighbor’s Lab mix started leaving food in his bowl—very unusual for him—and within two weeks had lost nearly 5 pounds. The diagnosis? Early-stage liver disease that, thankfully, responded well to treatment.

3. Increased Thirst and Urination

Dogs with liver problems often drink and pee more than usual. You might notice your dog emptying their water bowl more frequently or asking to go outside more often. The urine might also appear darker than normal due to the presence of bilirubin.

4. Digestive Upset

Vomiting and diarrhea are common signs of liver disease in dogs. Sometimes the vomit or stool may contain blood, which is particularly concerning. If your dog is experiencing persistent digestive issues, don’t simply chalk it up to a sensitive stomach—it could be their liver sending out an SOS.

5. Lethargy and Weakness

Is your normally energetic pup suddenly seeming tired all the time? Dogs with liver disease often show decreased energy levels and may seem weak or uninterested in activities they previously enjoyed.

This symptom can be easy to dismiss, especially in older dogs, but when combined with other signs on this list, it’s definitely time for a vet visit.

6. Fluid Buildup in the Abdomen (Ascites)

Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen that can cause a swollen or distended belly. This happens because the liver isn’t producing enough proteins to maintain proper fluid balance in the body.

If your dog’s belly suddenly looks bloated or swollen, and especially if it seems uncomfortable to the touch, seek veterinary care immediately.

7. Neurological Symptoms

When the liver can’t effectively filter toxins from the blood, these toxins can affect the brain, leading to a condition called hepatic encephalopathy. Signs include:

• Disorientation or confusion
• Aimless pacing or circling
• Pressing the head against walls (head pressing)
• Seizures
• Changes in behavior

These neurological symptoms indicate a serious progression of liver disease and require emergency veterinary care.

8. Bleeding Problems

The liver produces proteins essential for blood clotting. When it’s not functioning properly, your dog may bleed more easily, leading to:

• Nosebleeds
• Bruising
• Blood in urine or stool
• Prolonged bleeding from small cuts

What Causes Liver Problems in Dogs?

Understanding what causes liver disease can help you protect your pup. Common causes include:

Toxins

Your dog’s liver works hard to filter toxins, but prolonged exposure to certain harmful substances can damage the organ itself. These include:

• Human medications (especially pain relievers like acetaminophen)
• Certain plants and mushrooms
• Blue-green algae
• Household chemicals
• Xylitol (found in sugar-free gum and some peanut butters)

Infections

Bacterial infections like leptospirosis or parasitic invasions can damage the liver. Keeping up with your dog’s vaccinations (including one that protects against leptospirosis) is important.

Genetics

Some breeds are predisposed to liver conditions due to their genetic makeup. Bedlington Terriers, Doberman Pinschers, and some other breeds have higher risks of certain liver issues.

Age-Related Changes

As with many body systems, the efficiency of the liver can decrease with age, making older dogs more susceptible to liver ailments.

Other Health Issues

Conditions like diabetes, pancreatitis, or thyroid problems can contribute to liver dysfunction.

When to Seek Emergency Veterinary Care

Some liver issues develop slowly and can be addressed during a regular vet visit, but others require immediate attention. Rush to the emergency vet if your dog shows:

• Jaundice (yellowing of gums, eyes, or skin)
• Severe vomiting or diarrhea, especially with blood
• Extreme weakness or collapse
• Seizures or neurological symptoms
• Significantly distended abdomen
• Multiple symptoms appearing suddenly

I remember when my friend’s Beagle started acting confused and bumping into furniture—she took him to the emergency vet immediately. It turned out he had liver failure from accidentally eating rat poison. Because she acted quickly, they were able to treat him successfully.

Diagnosis of Liver Disease in Dogs

If you suspect your dog has liver problems, your vet will likely perform several tests:

1. Physical examination – Looking for jaundice, abdominal swelling, or pain
2. Blood tests – Including liver enzyme levels (ALT, ALP) and bile acid tests
3. Urinalysis – To check for bilirubin or other abnormalities
4. Imaging – X-rays or ultrasound to visualize the liver
5. Biopsy – In some cases, a small tissue sample may be needed for definitive diagnosis

Treatment Options for Dogs with Liver Disease

The good news is that many dogs with liver disease can recover with proper treatment. Your vet might recommend:

Dietary Changes

A balanced, liver-supportive diet is crucial. These diets are typically:

• Lower in protein but high quality
• Contain easily digestible fats
• Rich in vitamins and minerals

Medications

• Liver supportive drugs like SAMe or milk thistle
• Antibiotics for infections
• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Medications to improve bile flow

Supportive Care

• Fluid therapy to prevent dehydration
• Vitamin supplements, especially B vitamins
• Regular monitoring of liver values

Lifestyle Management

• Reducing stress
• Moderate but consistent exercise
• Avoiding toxins and medications that strain the liver

Can You Prevent Liver Disease in Your Dog?

While not all liver problems can be prevented, you can take steps to protect your dog’s liver health:

• Feed a balanced, high-quality diet
• Keep toxic substances out of reach
• Ensure regular veterinary check-ups
• Maintain appropriate vaccinations
• Avoid overfeeding, especially fatty foods
• Provide clean, fresh water always

Our Experience with Liver Disease

We had a scare last year with our 8-year-old mixed breed, Baxter. He started drinking tons of water and his energy levels dropped noticeably. I noticed a slight yellow tint to his gums one morning, and we immediately called our vet.

After blood work and an ultrasound, we learned he had early-stage liver disease related to a medication he was taking for arthritis. With a change in medication, special diet, and some supplements, Baxter’s liver values returned to normal within two months.

The vet told us that our quick action made all the difference. Had we waited, the damage could have been much more severe and possibly irreversible.

Final Thoughts

Your dog’s liver is incredibly resilient and has remarkable healing abilities when given the chance. By knowing the signs of liver problems and acting quickly when you notice them, you’re giving your furry friend the best possible chance at recovery.

Remember, many dogs with liver disease can live long, happy lives with proper management. The key is early detection and treatment.

If you suspect your dog might have liver problems, don’t wait to see if symptoms improve on their own. Contact your veterinarian right away—your quick action could save your dog’s life.

Has your dog ever experienced liver problems? What symptoms did you notice first? Share your experience in the comments below to help other pet parents recognize the signs.

Signs and symptoms of liver disease in dogs can be varied and may include lethargy, decreased appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, increased thirst and urination, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin, eyes, or gums). You may also notice a swollen abdomen, changes in stool color, weight loss, or even neurological signs like seizures. Because symptoms can be subtle, it’s important to see a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis and treatment.