A common complaint from new puppy parents is ‘my dog is so hyper – what can I do to help him calm down? Your new furry friend may be super active, have a very short attention span, and can’t seem to settle down no matter how many walks, runs, or hours of playtime they get.
This could simply be a sign of an active dog displaying normal playful behaviours OR it could signal a disorder that needs to be addressed for you all to live happily ever after. Animal experts may compare these behaviours to children who display signs of ADHD, otherwise known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADD, Attention Deficit Disorder. But can dogs have ADHD or ADD?
The answer is more complex than you may think. While hyperactivity in dogs can be common, other ADD or ADHD-like behaviours may stem from a rare condition known as Hyperkinesis. Let’s break down the difference. source 24PW-blog-ADHD-24PW-top script widget
Ever found yourself wondering if your dog’s endless energy and inability to focus might be more than just typical dog behavior? You’re not alone! Many pet parents have asked themselves: “Do dogs get ADHD?” As someone who’s spent countless hours chasing after my own hyperactive pup, I understand the frustration and curiosity behind this question.
The short answer is: while dogs don’t technically get diagnosed with ADHD exactly as humans do, they can absolutely display ADHD-like behaviors and symptoms that mirror this condition. In fact, research shows that 12-15% of dogs exhibit hyperactivity and impulsivity, while about 20% show signs of inattention.
Let’s dive deeper into this fascinating topic to help you understand what might be going on with your furry tornado of energy!
The Science Behind Canine Hyperactivity
Recent studies, including research from the University of Helsinki, have confirmed that dogs can indeed suffer from ADHD-like behaviors. Just like in humans, these behaviors in dogs are:
- Highly heritable (passed down genetically)
- Influenced by environmental factors
- Not related to intelligence or “goodness”
- Manageable through behavioral changes and sometimes medication
What’s particularly interesting is how closely canine ADHD-like behaviors mirror human ADHD patterns. Young male dogs are more likely to display these behaviors – just like in humans where ADHD is more commonly diagnosed in boys.
Hyperkinesis vs. Normal High Energy: What’s the Difference?
Before you diagnose your dog with an attention disorder, it’s important to understand the difference between normal high energy and a true behavioral disorder
Normal High Energy
- Common in puppies and young dogs
- More prevalent in working breeds (Border Collies, German Shepherds, etc.)
- Usually improves with age and training
- Responds well to exercise and mental stimulation
Hyperkinesis (Canine ADHD)
Hyperkinesis is the medical term for what we might think of as canine ADHD It’s a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with these symptoms
- Frenetic, excessive activity that doesn’t match the environment
- Inability to calm down even after adequate exercise
- Difficulty focusing on training tasks
- Abnormally fast heart rate (tachycardia)
- Excessive panting and salivation
- Extreme distractibility
- Impulsive behaviors that can’t be controlled
As Dr. Mary Burch, a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist, points out: “Hyperkinetic dogs have a difficult time settling and they appear to be aroused and distracted, oftentimes even in environments that are calm.”
Which Dog Breeds Are More Likely to Show ADHD-Like Behaviors?
While any dog can potentially display hyperactive behaviors, certain breeds are more predisposed due to their working history and breeding. These include:
- Border Collies
- German Shepherd Dogs
- Russell Terriers
- Cairn Terriers
- Siberian Huskies
- Retrievers and Labradors
On the flip side, breeds like Chihuahuas and Rough Collies, which have been bred primarily as companion animals, tend to show less hyperactivity (though they may display more inattention).
Environmental Factors That Influence ADHD-Like Behaviors
Research has identified several environmental factors that can trigger or worsen ADHD-like symptoms in dogs:
- Isolation and Loneliness: Dogs left alone for extended periods are more likely to develop hyperactive behaviors
- Lack of Activity: Insufficient physical exercise and mental stimulation
- Inconsistent Training: Lack of structure and clear boundaries
- Household Energy: Living in homes with very active or excitable people (especially children)
- Fear and Poor Socialization: Fearful dogs who haven’t been well-socialized are more prone to hyperactivity
Interestingly, the Helsinki study found that dogs whose owners had previously owned other dogs were more likely to display ADHD-like behaviors. The researchers speculate this might be because experienced dog owners often select more challenging or active breeds.
How to Tell If Your Dog Has ADHD-Like Symptoms
If you’re wondering whether your dog’s behavior might indicate something beyond normal canine energy, look for these seven key signs:
- Excessive Energy Levels: Constant movement, inability to settle down, even after adequate exercise
- Impulsivity: Acting without thinking, chasing anything that moves, jumping on people without warning
- Poor Focus: Short attention span, easily distracted during training
- Restlessness: Pacing, inability to relax, repetitive behaviors
- Destructive Behavior: Chewing furniture, digging, destroying household items
- Socialization Difficulties: Being overly excitable or rough during play, missing social cues
- Sensory Sensitivity: Being easily startled by noises or overly sensitive to touch
If your dog shows multiple of these signs consistently, it might be worth discussing with your veterinarian.
Diagnosing Hyperkinesis in Dogs
Unlike human ADHD, which relies heavily on behavioral observations, veterinarians can actually perform a diagnostic test for true Hyperkinesis. This test involves:
- Administering a stimulant medication
- Monitoring the dog’s heart and respiratory rate
- Observing changes in behavior
In dogs with true Hyperkinesis, the stimulant has a paradoxical calming effect – similar to how ADHD medications work in humans. However, this diagnosis is rare, and most hyperactive dogs don’t have true Hyperkinesis.
How to Help a Dog with ADHD-Like Behaviors
Whether your dog has diagnosed Hyperkinesis or just shows ADHD-like behaviors, there are many ways you can help them lead a happier, more balanced life:
1. Establish a Consistent Routine
Dogs thrive on predictability. Create and stick to a daily schedule for walks, feeding, play, and rest.
2. Provide Adequate Exercise
Physical activity is crucial for hyperactive dogs. As Dr. Burch notes, lack of exercise can lead to:
- Restlessness and hyperactivity
- Depression or agitation
- Weight gain
- Loss of muscle tone and cardiovascular health
3. Mental Stimulation is Just as Important
Engage your dog’s brain with:
- Puzzle toys and food puzzles
- Training sessions (keep them short and positive)
- Scent games and nose work
- Rotating toys to maintain interest
4. Consider Dog Sports
Dog sports are perfect outlets for high-energy dogs:
- Agility
- Dock diving
- Disc dog
- Herding (for herding breeds)
- Earthdog (for terriers)
- AKC FIT DOG walks
5. Training Approaches
- Use positive reinforcement
- Keep training sessions short (5-10 minutes)
- Focus on impulse control exercises
- Teach a “settle” or “place” command
- Don’t reward excited behavior
6. Create a Calm Environment
- Designate a quiet space for your dog to retreat to
- Use background white noise or calming music
- Consider calming aids like ThunderShirts for sensitive dogs
- Minimize chaotic household activities when possible
7. Dietary Considerations
While studies are inconclusive about dietary effects on ADHD-like behaviors, some owners report improvements with:
- High-quality, balanced diets
- Reduced artificial additives and fillers
- Consistent feeding times
8. Professional Help
For severe cases, consider:
- Working with a professional dog trainer
- Consulting a veterinary behaviorist
- Medication (in rare cases of diagnosed Hyperkinesis)
When Medication Might Be Necessary
Medication for hyperactive dogs is typically considered a last resort. However, in cases of diagnosed Hyperkinesis, medications can make a significant difference in quality of life.
If your veterinarian does prescribe medication, ensure you:
- Follow dosage instructions exactly
- Store medications safely to prevent accidental ingestion
- Monitor your dog for any side effects
- Continue behavioral modification alongside medication
A Special Note About Puppies
Before assuming your puppy has an attention disorder, remember that puppies are naturally:
- Energetic and playful
- Distractible and impulsive
- Still developing their focus and impulse control
Most puppies will naturally calm down as they mature, especially with consistent training and adequate exercise. Generally, if your puppy is under 2 years old, what you’re seeing is likely normal puppy behavior rather than a disorder.
Real-Life Management Success
I had a Border Collie mix named Max who was absolutely bonkers with energy. No matter how many walks or play sessions we had, he’d still be zooming around the house at midnight! After working with a veterinary behaviorist, we discovered he needed:
- More mental challenges (not just physical exercise)
- Clear boundaries and structure
- Calm environment cues (we started using a special mat as his “settle spot”)
Within a few months of implementing these changes, Max was like a different dog – still energetic and playful, but able to calm down and relax. We never needed medication, just better management techniques.
Final Thoughts
While dogs don’t get diagnosed with ADHD in the same way humans do, the ADHD-like behaviors they display are very real and can present significant challenges for pet parents. The good news is that with understanding, patience, and the right approach, most hyperactive dogs can learn to manage their energy and thrive.
Remember, many of the traits that make these dogs challenging (high energy, intelligence, drive) are the same traits that made their ancestors valuable working partners. Your dog isn’t being “bad” – they just need appropriate outlets for their natural tendencies.
If you’re struggling with your dog’s hyperactive behavior, don’t hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian or a professional trainer. With the right support and strategies, you and your energetic pup can find balance and harmony together!
Have you dealt with a hyperactive dog? What strategies worked best for you? Share your experiences in the comments below!
How does canine Hyperactivity in dogs differ from ADHD in humans?
ADHD in people is more commonly associated with young children and adults who may have trouble paying attention, and who experience hyperactivity and impulsive behaviour. It can also impact a person’s ability to show self-discipline and can lead to the potential for perceived behavioural or social challenges, such as difficulty recognizing social cues. Just like a child, a puppy will need structure to thrive and develop into a happy, well-adjusted member of the family. New pet parents also need to develop training skills and confidence to lead their new dog. If a dog senses your anxiety, it may only reinforce their hyperactive behavior.
How can you tell if your dog has ADHD or Hyperkinesis?
So now that you know the difference between a high-energy, active pup and true Hyperkinesis, here’s a list of signs that can help you pinpoint where your dog’s behaviour sits.
- Frenetic activity
- Panting
- Salivation
- Fast heart rate (tachycardia)
- Difficulty with training
- Inability to acclimate to environmental stimuli
Dogs can develop ADHD just like humans, study finds
FAQ
Is your dog suffering from ADHD?
ADHD greatly reduces the individual’s ability to learn, particularly in educational settings, and to live in harmony with others. The recent consensus among researchers is that dogs, especially those who appear to be consistently out of control, might be suffering from ADHD.
Do German Shepherds have ADHD?
In dogs, the flock of symptoms can also include fearfulness and noise sensitivity, which added to the impulsiveness and hyperactivity can be a nightmare for their owners. Some of the predisposition toward ADHD seems to be genetic in nature, since the data shows that certain breeds, such as German shepherds, are more likely to have the problem.
Can dogs learn a lot from ADHD?
New research shows that owners of hyperactive or inattentive dogs can learn a lot from understanding ADHD in humans. Once upon a time, children who struggled to sit still and concentrate were punished and even treated as less intelligent than their peers.
Do dogs with ADHD have impulsive behavior?
Dogs with ADHD may also display impulsive behavior, such as jumping on people without warning, chasing after anything that moves, or barking excessively. They may have a hard time controlling their impulses and may act without thinking. Veterinarian: “Impulsivity is a common symptom of ADHD in dogs.
Can stress cause ADHD in dogs?
Stress can exacerbate ADHD symptoms in dogs, causing them to exhibit more hyperactive behavior. It’s important to create a calm and stress-free environment for your dog and provide them with plenty of opportunities to relax and unwind. 14. What are some signs that my dog with ADHD is feeling overwhelmed?
Do dogs with ADHD have a hard time settling down?
Dogs with ADHD may exhibit restlessness and may have a hard time settling down or relaxing. They may constantly be on the move, pacing back and forth, or exhibiting repetitive behaviors. This restlessness can be exhausting for both the dog and their owner. Dog Behavior Consultant: “Restlessness is a common symptom of ADHD in dogs.
How do you know if your dog has ADHD?
What dog breed is most likely to have ADHD?
Can dogs be autistic or have ADHD?
How to calm a dog with ADHD?
To calm a dog with ADHD-like symptoms, you should provide structured routines, sufficient physical and mental exercise, and positive reinforcement training. Incorporate calming enrichment activities like puzzle feeders and scent work, and ensure the dog gets enough sleep in a quiet space. If these strategies aren’t enough, consult a veterinarian to rule out underlying medical issues or discuss potential calming supplements or prescription medications.